Settlements > Khalandriani

Khalandriani

Chalandriani (Greek: Χαλανδριανή) is a major early Bronze Age cemetery on the island of Syros in Greece, dated to the Early Cycladic II period (Keros-Syros culture, 2600–2300 BC).[1] The fortified prehistoric settlement of Kastri (el; la) is located north of Chalandriani. Chalandriani was first excavated by Christos Tsountas in 1898 and has a double fortification wall of stone (77 yards long) on Syros.

Khalandriani is an important archaeological site located on the island of Syros in the Cyclades, Greece. The site is particularly notable for its Early Bronze Age (circa 3200-2000 BCE) settlement and cemetery, which provide valuable insights into the Cycladic civilization during this period. Khalandriani is one of the key sites for understanding the early development of complex societies in the Aegean.

Key Features and Aspects of Khalandriani

Geographic Location

1. Island of Syros: Khalandriani is situated on the island of Syros in the Cyclades, a group of islands in the central Aegean Sea. The site is located on a hill, offering a strategic view of the surrounding area and the sea.
2. Natural Defenses: The elevated position of the settlement provided natural defenses, which were likely enhanced by man-made fortifications.

Historical Significance

1. Early Bronze Age: Khalandriani dates back to the Early Bronze Age, making it one of the earliest known settlements in the Cyclades. The site provides important evidence of the social and economic development of the Cycladic civilization during this period.
2. Cycladic Civilization: The Cycladic civilization is renowned for its distinctive marble figurines, pottery, and advanced seafaring capabilities. Khalandriani contributes significantly to our understanding of this culture.

Archaeological Discoveries

1. Settlement Structures: Excavations at Khalandriani have uncovered remains of residential buildings, fortifications, and communal spaces. The layout of the settlement indicates a well-organized community with planned streets and structures.
2. Fortifications: The settlement was fortified with walls, which suggests a need for defense and indicates that the inhabitants were concerned with protection from potential threats.
3. Pottery and Artifacts: Numerous pottery fragments and other artifacts have been found at the site. The pottery from Khalandriani includes both utilitarian wares and more decorative pieces, showcasing the craftsmanship of the Cycladic people.
4. Cemetery: A cemetery associated with the settlement has also been discovered, containing multiple graves. The burials provide insights into the funerary practices and social structure of the community.

Cultural and Social Aspects

1. Cycladic Figurines: Khalandriani is notable for the discovery of Cycladic figurines, which are characterized by their abstract, minimalist style. These marble figurines are believed to have had religious or symbolic significance.
2. Trade and Economy: The artifacts found at Khalandriani indicate that the inhabitants were engaged in trade with other Cycladic islands and possibly with mainland Greece and Asia Minor. The presence of imported materials suggests a network of exchange and interaction.

Modern Connection

1. Archaeological Research: Khalandriani has been the focus of archaeological research since the late 19th century. Excavations have provided valuable information about the Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades and continue to contribute to our understanding of ancient Aegean societies.
2. Cultural Heritage: The site is an important part of Greece's cultural heritage, attracting scholars and visitors interested in the early history of the Cycladic civilization. Artifacts from Khalandriani are displayed in museums, such as the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, where they help to educate the public about this ancient culture.

Summary

Khalandriani is a significant Early Bronze Age archaeological site on the island of Syros in the Cyclades, Greece. The site includes a well-fortified settlement and a cemetery, providing valuable insights into the Cycladic civilization. Discoveries at Khalandriani, such as pottery, artifacts, and Cycladic figurines, highlight the advanced social, economic, and artistic development of its inhabitants. The site's strategic location and evidence of trade connections underscore its importance in the ancient Aegean world. Today, Khalandriani continues to be a key site for understanding the early history and culture of the Cyclades, contributing to Greece's rich archaeological and cultural heritage.

Sources

J. Hilditch, Chalandriani on Syros, The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 2012.