Greek Geography > Pamphylia

Pamphylia

Background

Pamphylia was an ancient region located on the southern coast of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), bounded by the Taurus Mountains to the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It played a significant role in the history of ancient Anatolia due to its strategic location and vibrant cultural interactions.

Key Features of Pamphylia:

1. Geographical Context:

   • Location: Pamphylia was situated along the southern coast of Asia Minor, extending from the region of Lycia to the west to Cilicia to the east. The region covered parts of modern-day Antalya province in Turkey.
   • Terrain: The terrain of Pamphylia is characterized by fertile coastal plains, rugged mountains, and numerous rivers, including the Eurymedon (modern Köprüçay) and the Cestrus (modern Aksu).

2. Historical Significance:

   • Early Inhabitants: Pamphylia has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The region's name is thought to derive from the Greek words "pan" (all) and "phylai" (tribes), reflecting the diverse mix of peoples who lived there.
   • Hellenistic Period: After the conquests of Alexander the Great, Pamphylia became part of the Hellenistic world. It was ruled by various successor states, including the Seleucids and the Ptolemies, before becoming a significant region within the Roman Empire.

3. Political and Military Context:

   • Persian Rule: Before Alexander the Great, Pamphylia was part of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The region was incorporated into the empire's satrapy system and contributed to Persian military campaigns.
   • Roman Conquest: Pamphylia was incorporated into the Roman Empire in the 1st century BCE, initially as part of the province of Cilicia and later as part of the province of Lycia et Pamphylia. The region prospered under Roman rule, benefiting from trade and infrastructure development.
   • Strategic Importance: Due to its coastal location, Pamphylia was strategically important for controlling sea routes and for its accessibility to the interior regions of Anatolia.

4. Economic Activities:

   • Agriculture: The fertile plains of Pamphylia were suitable for agriculture, including the cultivation of grains, olives, and grapes. The region was also known for its production of timber and other natural resources.
   • Trade and Commerce: Pamphylia's coastal cities, such as Side, Perge, and Aspendos, were significant centers of trade. The region's ports facilitated maritime trade with other parts of the Mediterranean, contributing to its economic prosperity.

5. Cultural Contributions:

   • Hellenization: The region became heavily Hellenized following Alexander's conquests, with Greek culture, language, and architecture becoming predominant. Pamphylia's cities featured typical Hellenistic urban planning, including theaters, temples, and agorae.
   • Art and Architecture: Pamphylia is known for its impressive ancient ruins. The theater at Aspendos is one of the best-preserved Roman theaters in the world. The city of Perge also boasts well-preserved ruins, including a theater, stadium, and monumental gates.

6. Mythology and Religion:

   • Mythological Connections: Pamphylia features in various Greek myths and legends. The region is associated with the myth of the Trojan War hero Mopsus, who was said to have founded the city of Perge.
   • Religious Practices: The region had numerous temples and sanctuaries dedicated to Greek gods and goddesses. The worship of Artemis and Athena was particularly prominent in Pamphylia.

7. Archaeological Significance:

   • Ancient Ruins: Archaeological excavations in Pamphylia have uncovered significant remains of ancient cities, including Perge, Side, and Aspendos. These sites provide valuable insights into the region's urban development and cultural life.
   • Artifacts: Various artifacts, including pottery, inscriptions, sculptures, and coins, have been discovered in the region. These findings highlight the material culture and daily life of the ancient inhabitants.

8. Byzantine Period:

   • Continued Importance: During the Byzantine period, Pamphylia remained an important region within the empire. Its cities continued to play roles in local defense, administration, and trade.

Conclusion:

Pamphylia was a significant region in ancient Asia Minor, known for its strategic coastal location, fertile land, and rich cultural heritage. From its early inhabitants to its integration into the Hellenistic and Roman worlds, Pamphylia played a crucial role in the history and development of the eastern Mediterranean. The region's contributions to Greek culture, architecture, and trade, along with its strategic importance, highlight its enduring significance. Today, the impressive ruins of cities like Perge, Side, and Aspendos stand as a testament to Pamphylia's rich historical legacy, attracting scholars and tourists alike.

Archaeology Features

• Antalya
• Aspendos
• Etenna
• Eurymedon Bridge at Aspendos
• Eurymedon Bridge at Selge
• Perga
• Side
• Sillyon

Sources

Greek Geography