Greek Geography > Pisidia

Pisidia

Background

Pisidia was an ancient region located in the southwestern part of Asia Minor, in what is now modern-day Turkey. It was known for its rugged terrain, independent cities, and a history of resisting foreign domination. Pisidia played a significant role in various historical periods, particularly during the Hellenistic and Roman eras.

Key Features of Pisidia:

1. Geographical Context:

   • Location: Pisidia was situated inland, north of Lycia and Pamphylia, and bordered by Phrygia to the north and Lycaonia to the east. It roughly corresponds to the modern Turkish provinces of Isparta, Burdur, and parts of Antalya.
   • Terrain: The region is characterized by its mountainous and rugged landscape, including the western part of the Taurus Mountains. This terrain made travel and communication challenging but provided natural fortifications for its cities.

2. Historical Significance:

   • Early Inhabitants: The Pisidians were known to be a warlike and independent people, resistant to foreign control. They maintained their autonomy through various periods despite the attempts of larger empires to dominate them.
   • Persian and Hellenistic Periods: During the Persian Empire, Pisidia was part of the satrapy of Phrygia. After the conquests of Alexander the Great, the region came under the influence of the Hellenistic kingdoms, particularly the Seleucid Empire.
   • Roman Period: Pisidia was incorporated into the Roman Empire in the 1st century BCE. The Romans established several colonies in the region, and it became part of the Roman province of Galatia.

3. Important Cities:

   • Antioch of Pisidia: One of the most significant cities in Pisidia, founded by the Seleucid king Antiochus I and later developed into a Roman colony by Augustus. It was an important administrative and military center.
   • Sagalassos: Known for its well-preserved ruins, including a theater, agora, baths, and temples. Sagalassos was a prosperous city during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
   • Termessos: Located high in the Taurus Mountains, Termessos was a naturally fortified city that successfully resisted Alexander the Great. It is known for its impressive ruins and stunning natural setting.
   • Apollonia: Another important city, known for its ancient theater and other ruins.

4. Cultural and Economic Life:

   • Agriculture and Trade: The fertile valleys of Pisidia supported agriculture, including the cultivation of cereals, olives, and grapes. The region also engaged in trade with neighboring areas, facilitated by its strategic location between the coast and the interior.
   • Religion: Pisidia had a diverse religious landscape, with evidence of local cults as well as the worship of Greek and Roman deities. The region is also significant in early Christian history, as it was visited by St. Paul during his missionary journeys.

5. Archaeological Discoveries:

   • Ruins and Artifacts: Archaeological excavations in Pisidia have uncovered significant ruins and artifacts, providing insights into the region's urban planning, architecture, and daily life. Sites like Sagalassos and Termessos offer well-preserved examples of Hellenistic and Roman architecture.
   • Inscriptions: Numerous inscriptions have been found, offering valuable information about the political, social, and economic aspects of life in Pisidia.

6. Modern Significance:

   • Tourism: The archaeological sites of Pisidia are important tourist attractions, drawing visitors interested in ancient history and architecture. The region's natural beauty and historical significance make it a popular destination for tourists.
   • Research and Preservation: Ongoing archaeological research and preservation efforts continue to uncover and protect the rich heritage of Pisidia, contributing to our understanding of ancient Anatolian civilizations.

Conclusion:

Pisidia was an ancient region in southwestern Asia Minor known for its rugged terrain, independent cities, and historical significance. The region played a crucial role during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, with important cities such as Antioch of Pisidia, Sagalassos, and Termessos. Pisidia's cultural and economic life was marked by agriculture, trade, and diverse religious practices. Today, the archaeological sites of Pisidia provide valuable insights into the ancient world and attract tourists and researchers alike, highlighting the region's enduring legacy in the history of Anatolia.

Sources

Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pisidia". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Beyaz Arif Akbas: "Sagalassos: City of Fairies", Adrianapolis, Yalnizgoz Yay. 2010, ISBN 978-1-4536-1300-9. http://en.calameo.com/read/0002983841c7acaa28dc8

Greek Geography