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Abdemon

Background

Abdemon was a notable figure in ancient Cypriot history, known for his involvement in political and military affairs during the 5th century BCE. He is particularly associated with the city-state of Citium (modern-day Larnaca) on the island of Cyprus. His actions and interactions with other notable historical figures provide insights into the political landscape of Cyprus and its interactions with the Persian Empire during this period.

Key Aspects of Abdemon's Life and Actions:

1. Background and Position:

   • Cypriot Nobility: Abdemon was likely a member of the local nobility or ruling elite in Citium, a prominent city-state on the southeastern coast of Cyprus. Citium was a significant center of political and economic activity during this time.

2. Conflict with Onesilus:

   • Revolt Against Persia: In 499 BCE, during the Ionian Revolt, Onesilus, the brother of the king of Salamis (another city-state on Cyprus), led a rebellion against Persian rule. Onesilus sought to unite the Cypriot city-states in this revolt.
   • Siege of Citium: Onesilus laid siege to Citium, which remained loyal to the Persians. Abdemon played a crucial role in defending Citium against the rebels. The city's resistance contributed to the eventual failure of Onesilus's revolt.

3. Role in Persian-Cypriot Relations:

   • Loyalty to Persia: Abdemon's loyalty to the Persian Empire highlights the complex political dynamics of the region. Many city-states in Cyprus were under Persian influence or control, and local leaders like Abdemon often had to navigate these external pressures.
   • Persian Support: Following the defeat of Onesilus, the Persians rewarded Abdemon and the citizens of Citium for their loyalty and support during the conflict. This further solidified Citium's position within the Persian sphere of influence.

4. Historical Significance:

   • Political Landscape: Abdemon's actions and the events surrounding the siege of Citium provide valuable insights into the political landscape of Cyprus in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BCE. The island's strategic location made it a focal point of interest for major powers, including Persia and, later, Greece.
   • Legacy: While not as well-documented as some other historical figures, Abdemon's role in these events illustrates the interplay between local leadership and imperial politics in ancient Cyprus.

Legacy and Historical Context:

• Cyprus and the Persian Empire: Cyprus's relationship with the Persian Empire was characterized by a mix of resistance and cooperation. City-states like Citium, under leaders like Abdemon, often found themselves balancing local autonomy with the demands of a powerful imperial overlord.
• Ionian Revolt: The broader context of the Ionian Revolt, which involved Greek city-states rebelling against Persian rule, provides a backdrop for understanding the significance of Abdemon's actions. The revolt ultimately failed, but it set the stage for the subsequent Greco-Persian Wars.

Abdemon's historical significance lies in his role as a defender of Citium and a loyal ally to the Persian Empire during a turbulent period in Cypriot history. His actions exemplify the challenges and complexities faced by local leaders in navigating the geopolitical landscape of the ancient Mediterranean.

Sources

Diodorus Siculus 14. 98. 1.

Theopompus, Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (FGrH), no. 115, F 103

Isocrates, or. 9. 26

Isocrates or. 9. 26-32; Diodorus Siculus 14. 98. 1

Abdemon. In: Neuer Pauly (English: Brill’s New Pauly), vol. 1, 1996, col. 11-12.